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The 13 Original
American Colonies

Cohorts: Republican Generation - Hero, Civic Type (1742-1766)
Thomas Jefferson, James Madison, James Monroe, John Paul Jones, Nathan Hale, Robert Fulton, Oliver Evans, Eli Whitney, Alexander Hamilton, Noah Webster, Betsy Ross, John Marshall, [ Author's great, great, great, great grandfather - James Murray (born in Pennsylvania, 1747)]

Timeline events: Inner-Driven Era

(1744) The Morovian community in Pennsylvania organizes the Collegium Musicum which will eventually become the Philharmonic Society, King Georges War / Austrian War of Succession (1744-48)
(1745) French and English hostilities escalate in the Colonies as King George's War wears on, the influential writings of French political philosopher Montesquieu regarding checks and balances in government are published in Boston
(1746) Carpenters in Georgia strike for better working conditions
(1747) Princeton is founded , the New York Bar Association is formed
(1748) The Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle concludes King George's War (1748), traders from the Ohio Company move into the Ohio River valley and Virginia frontiersman cross the Allegheny Divide
(1749) The English settle Halifax, Nova Scotia , first repertory acting company formed in Philadelphia, Georgia obtains permission from the Parliament to revoke their prohibition on slavery which will eventually lead to the plantation system in the South
(1750) English pass the Iron Act to limit production of finished iron products in the Colonies, the flatboat and the Conestoga wagon make their appearance
(1751) England passes the Currency Act prohibiting issuance of money in the Colonies, Ben Franklin gains international fame for experiments in electricity and other science, Pimas revolt against Spanish in southwest
(1752) The first hospital in the Colonies is opened in Philadelphia
(1753) The Delaware and Iroquois indians join forces with the French in Ohio territory, 21 year old George Washington sent to determine French intentions and protest fortifications in the Ohio territory
(1754) Ben Franklin presents his "Plan of the Union" at the Albany Congress (the plan would unite the Colonies under one President general) which is rejected by England, French and Indian War erupts along the frontier (1754>), Columbia College founded, George Washington defeats French in Pennsylvania to ignite F&I War, English General Edward Braddock arrives to assume command of the English troops in the Colonies, George Washington defeated at Battle of Great Meadows, PA
(1755) General Braddock's forces and colonials under Lt. Col. Washington lose to French/Indian forces at the Battle of the Wilderness
(1756) The French and Indian War spreads to Europe as the Seven Years War
(1757) French forces under Marquis de Montcalm have early success against British at Fort William Henry
(1758) Colonists routed at Fort Ticonderoga, first Indian reservation formed in New Jersey at Indian Mills, British Treaty of Easton with PA Indian tribes turns F&I War in their favor
(1759) Quebec surrenders after losing the battle of the Plains of Abraham, the western settlements are severely harrassed by the Indians
(1760)French surrender to the English at Montreal
(1761) English begin to clamp down on Colonies banning settlement to the west and restricting colonial activity
(1762) Pennsylvania begins plans for a canal linking to western territories
(1763) Chief Pontiac Rebellion results in destruction of English settlements on the frontier, King George Proclamation restricts settlement, the Paxton Boys riot in Pennsylvania, Patrick Henry successfully challenges English authority in the "Parson's Cause"
(1764) Sugar Act is passed in England, another Currency Act is passed as part of the Grenville Measures, Boston Lawyer James Otis publishes his views on taxation without representation, Chief Pontiac surrenders , Boston tradesmen boycott British goods , Brown University founded
(1765) Stamp Act passed, Quartering Act passed , Patrick Henry presents the seven Virginia Resolutions to the House of Burgesses, underground Sons of Liberty are formed in various colonial towns, Stamp Act Congress meets in New York to respond to Stamp Act, Stamp Act Riots, John Singleton Copely paints portrait of John Hancock
(1766) Stamp Act Congress convinces London Merchants to ask Parliament to repeal Stamp Act, Ben Franklin testifies before the Parliament against the Stamp Act urging repeal and warning of Revolution, Stamp Act repealed, Rutgers College founded, Methodism introduced in the Colonies
(1767) Daniel Boone crosses the Cumberland Gap, Spanish expell Jesuits from New Spain, the Townshend Acts are passed which impose a series of external taxes on the Colonists
(1768) Samuel Adams distributes a circular letter to the Colonies asking for support in opposition to the Townshend Acts, John Hancock's sloop "Liberty" gets in trouble with British customs, British ships in Boston Harbor to enforce order, treaties with Iroquois and Creek Indians extends the western frontier
(1769) Merchants begin an nonimportation movement on British goods, Father Junipero Serra founds the first Spanish mission in California , Dartmouth College founded
(1770) A partial repeal of the Townshend Acts leave duties on tea, British soldiers fire point blank into a crowd in the Boston Massacre, Thomas Jeffereson designs and builds his first house at Monticello
(1771) North Carolina passes the "Bloody Act" to counter the Regulators on the western frontier, Benjamin Franklin begins work on his Autobiography
(1772) British customs schooner "Gaspar" burned in Rhode Island, Samuel Adams organizes a town meeting to discuss issues of self-government
(1773) A new Tea Act retains the duty on tea and gives the "East India Co. a virtual monopoly on importation of tea to the colonies, colonies form committees of correspondence to share communication on British affairs, Boston Tea Party, [ The American Revolution](1773>)

Foreign Contemporaries: Marie Antoinette, Robert Burns, Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, Maximilien Robespierre, Mary Wollstonecraft, Antoine-Laurent Lavoisier, Edward Jenner, Alexander von Humboldt, Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, Nicolas Appert, Jacquard

Foreign Timeline Events: Austrian War of Succession (1744-48), Seven Years War (1754-63), George III becomes King of England (1760), the Treaty of Paris officially concludes the Seven Year War (1763), British levy Stamp Act and Quartering Act (1765), Parliament repeals Stamp Act and passes Declaratory Act on same day (1766), Parliament passes the 1st Townshend Revenue Act (1767), British Parliament repeals Townshend Acts except for tea (1770), Parliament passes the Tea Act (1773)

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